T-independent activation of B cells by vesicular stomatitis virus: no evidence for the need of a second signal.Ĭontrol of B-cell responses by Toll-like receptors.Īdjuvant-enhanced antibody responses in the absence of toll-like receptor signaling. Protective ‘immunity’ by pre-existent neutralizing antibody titers and preactivated T cells but not by so-called ‘immunological memory’. Induction of cellular immune response and anti-Salmonella enterica serovar typhi bactericidal antibodies in healthy volunteers by immunization with a vaccine candidate against typhoid fever. Translating innate immunity into immunological memory: implications for vaccine development.ĬpG motifs: the active ingredient in bacterial extracts? Nat Med 2003 9: 831– 5. ![]() Induction of optimal anti-viral neutralizing B cell responses by dendritic cells requires transport and release of virus particles in secondary lymphoid organs.ĭendritic cells interact directly with naive B lymphocytes to transfer antigen and initiate class switching in a primary T-dependent response. Lipopolysaccharide signaling in endothelial cells.Įxtract of Reishi polysaccharides induces cytokine expression via TLR4-modulated protein kinase signaling pathways. Salmonella stimulate macrophage macropinocytosis and persist within spacious phagosomes.Īctive protection of mice against Salmonella typhi by immunization with strain-specific porins.Īnalysis of B cell activation requirements with TNP-conjugated polyacrylamide beads.Ĭrystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of papaya mosaic virus coat protein. Salmonella porins induce a sustained, lifelong specific bactericidal antibody memory response.Įffect of mutations K97A and E128A on RNA binding and self assembly of papaya mosaic potexvirus coat protein.ĭefective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. The ompB operon partially determines differential expression of OmpC in Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence of papaya mosaic virus RNA. The kinetics of papaya mosaic virus assembly. The specificity of papaya mosaic virus assembly. Making an ally from an enemy: plant virology and the new agriculture. Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors. ![]() How bacteria and their products provide clues to vaccine and adjuvant development. The influence of antigen organization on B cell responsiveness. These properties could be used in the development of new vaccine platforms.Īpproaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology.Ĭold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1989 54( Pt 1): 1– 13.Įffector and memory T-cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development. PapMV recognition as a Pamptigen might be translated into long-lasting antibody responses and protection observed. Antigen-presenting cells loaded with PapMV efficiently induced antibody responses in vivo, which may link the innate and adaptive responses observed. PapMV mixed with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S. typhi) outer membrane protein C increased its protective capacity against challenge with S. typhi, revealing the intrinsic adjuvant properties of PapMV in the induction of immunity. PapMV also efficiently activated innate immune responses, as shown by the induction of lipid raft aggregation, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules on dendritic cells and macrophages, and long-lasting adjuvant effects upon the specific antibody responses to model antigens. A single immunization of PapMV without added adjuvant efficiently induced both cellular and specific long-lasting antibody responses. Here we show that the papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) is recognized by the immune system as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and as an antigen in mice (Pamptigen). Identifying the properties of a molecule involved in the efficient activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses that lead to long-lasting immunity is crucial for vaccine and adjuvant development.
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